Bare below elbows: does this policy affect handwashing efficacy and reduce bacterial colonisation?

Bare below the elbows: preventing crosscontamination via the staff's attire.

Beginning in the 1880s, nurses donned uniforms that were considered to be state-of-theart protection against illness. The original nurses’ uniform was known as the “fever-proof” shield to protect the entire body of the visiting nurse from infection, although it left the face and the hands uncovered (Figure 1). Over the years, the nurse’s uniform has changed significantly. Gone are the days of a...

Bare Below the Elbows: A comparative study of a tertiary and district general hospital.

A 'Bare Below the Elbows' (BBTE) dress code policy has been introduced by the majority of NHS trusts in the UK. The aim of this Irish study was to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on perception of medical attire. The study was carried out in two centres: a tertiary referral centre (Beaumont Hospital) and a district hospital (MRH, Portlaoise). Two questionnaires, incorporating ...

How Does Monetary Policy Affect Household Income Distribution?

Over the last decades the research on monetary policy has largely concentrated on the impact of monetary authorities’ decisions on inflation and the fine-tuning of the macroeconomic, so that distributional effects of monetary policy which are non-trivial has been ignored. A view that has become increasingly popular since the financial crisis 2008 is that expansionary monetary policy can exacerb...

Does Fiscal Policy Reduce Unemployment

Studies of the effect of government spending on unemployment are potentially confounded by reverse causality. To address the endogeneity problem, we exploit variation in a porkbarrel road-building program, and find that higher government expenditure on road-building substantially reduces local unemployment. JEL Codes: E24, E62, H30, H54,

Bare Below the Elbows: A Randomized Trial to Determine Whether Wearing Short-Sleeved Coats Reduces the Risk for Pathogen Transmission